Following the introduction on Russian adjectives, where it was suggested to practice them with opposites or antonyms (in Russian антонимы). They weren’t provided then and there, but here they are now: common Russian opposites with clear examples and explanations.

Negation with не

Often, if you don’t know the antonym of an adjective, it’s not a problem. Just add не (not) in front of it, and you’re done. English does something similar with prefixes like “un-” or “in-”: unethical, unattractive, and so on. These forms, however, tend to be softer or milder than true antonyms: “unethical” and “unattractive” may overlap with “mean” and “ugly,” but they don’t carry the same force.

You can also use не (or ни)) to form negative sentences, adverbs (где = where, нигде = nowhere; кто = who, никто = no one), and more. See the following videos for the differences between не and ни, and between не and нет.

Vocabulary: 33 Russian Opposites

Now, onto the antonyms themselves. Here’s a list of common ones. (There are, of course, many more. Entire dictionaries are available.)

  • богатый (rich) – бедный (poor)
  • большой (big) – маленький (small)
  • быстрый (fast) – медленный (slow)
  • высокий (high/tall) – низкий (low)
  • глупый (stupid) – умный (smart)
  • громкий (loud) – тихий (quiet)
  • грустный (sad) – весёлый (cheerful)
  • грязный (dirty) – чистый (clean)
  • дешёвый (cheap) – дорогой (expensive)
  • дикий (wild) – домашний (domestic)
  • длинный (long) – короткий (short)
  • жадный (greedy) – щедрый (generous)
  • злой (mean) – добрый (kind, friendly)
  • левый (left) – правый (right)
  • лёгкий (light, easy) – тяжёлый (heavy), трудный (difficult)
  • можно (allowed, possible) – нельзя (forbidden, impossible)
  • мужской (male) – женский (female)
  • мягкий (soft) – твёрдый (hard)
  • ночной (night) – дневной (day)
  • отзывчивый (caring) – равнодушный (indifferent)
  • первый (first) – последний (last)
  • плохой (bad) – хороший (good)
  • прекрасный (wonderful) – ужасный (terrible)
  • простой (simple) – сложный (complex)
  • ранний (early) – поздний (late)
  • сильный (strong) – слабый (weak)
  • скучный (boring) – интересный (interesting)
  • сладкий (sweet) – горький (bitter)
  • старый (old) – новый (new), молодой (young)
  • тёмный (dark) – светлый (light)
  • толстый (fat) – тонкий, худой (thin, slim)
  • холодный (cold) – тёплый (warm), горячий (hot)
  • храбрый (brave) – трусливый (cowardly)

More adjectives with their antonyms in Топ 100 популярные русские прилагательные с примерами (РКИ для всех, 2018, 6 mins).

In Прилагательные с антонимами (русский с носителем, 2017), Elen Sheff uses them in sentences. In two parts.

Russian Sign Language

Final touch: antonyms in Russian – say it with a gesture, in Русский жестовый язык. Антонимы (Енох Иаредович, 2017, 4 mins). Don’t worry, your sound is fine.

More Russian Opposites

See Что такое антонимы в русском языке? Примеры слов (Russkiiyazyk.ru). Also, try a small Exercise: Synonyms and Antonyms (Master Russian).


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Last updated March 26, 2026

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